Development of Optical Based Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring System via Arduino

Week 10 -Saturday September 22, 2018 Limitations on Number of Test Subject Objective: To encountered the 5 volunteers to get the heart rate value. Discussion: The original idea for this project is to gather about the 10 subjects with 2 differences group. Each group consists 5 subjects with normal individuals and diabetic patients respectively. However, the test cannot be continued because there is no approval letter for getting the test on the subjects. So, the project can be continued with only 5 volunteers that willingly to do some test on them. Conclusion: Any test that related to the medical devices and have direct contact to the patients need the university approval letter signed by the supervisor to continued the test.

Week 9 - Tuesday September 11, 2018 To Overcome the MAX30100 Sensor Problems Objective: To learn the sensitivity of the sensor and how to handle the sensor before and after use. Discussion: The experiment was conducted at a fingertip, which include the thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger and a little finger. However, there are few problems that happen during the experiment: When the system was detecting the slight movement of the finger, the system will take about 10 seconds to reset. While resetting, the sensor will not give the exact value of current heart rate. The sensor cannot detect if the finger was cold or sweaty. The sensor cannot detect the heart rate if the finger is pressing firmly. By having this problem, the project is continued by adding the finger strap to make sure that the same pressure is applied to all the volunteers. The sensor also has been cleaned by using a alcohol swab before and after used to make sure that there is any no fingerp...

Week 8 -Friday September 7, 2018 Processing Objective: To learn the proper programming order for the blood glucose monitoring device. Discussion:   Figure 4 Firmware flowchart for Arduino The programming coding has created, as the first program start, it will initialize the device and enter as a standby  mode. It will sensed the finger and  detect the the heart rate. It will automatically calculate the glucose concentration by using the glucose regression. However, until today the value of blood glucose still cannot be obtained as desired. Conclusion: The study on how to calculate the value of glucose level by using the glucose regression need to be more stricted. Hence, the result are obtained by monitoring the heart rate and relate it with the glucose level. This parameter is compared between the normal individuals with the diabetic patients.

Week 7 - Wednesday August 29, 2018 MAX30100 Pulse Oximetry Sensor Objective: To explain the used of MAX30100 pulse sensor in the hardware development. Discussion: Figure 3 MAX30100 pulse oximetry sensor MAX30100 pulse sensor is a pulse sensor module that suitable for Arduino Uno R3 for this project. This module will act as the PPG sensor to measure the blood glucose level by monitoring the heart rate from the sensor module. This sensor is an integrated pulse oximetry and heart rate monitor sensor solution. It combines two LEDs, a photodetector, optomized optics and a low-noise analog signal processing to detect pulse oximetry and heart rate signals. However, the output signals from the sensor is too small. Hence, the solution for this problem is the sensor is connected to the IR detection circuit with pull-up resistors with value 4.7k ohms. Conclusion: The hardware development is involved with the active-low interrupt pin pull lows when interrupt is triggered. The p...

Week 6 - Saturday August 25th, 2018 Signal Conditioning Theory Objective: To develop the IR detection circuit based on photoplethysmography (PPG) principle. Discussion: The PPG signal has two components, frequently referred to as AC and DC. The AC component is mainly caused by pulsatile changes in arterial blood volume, which is synchronous with the heartbeat. So, the AC component can be used as a source of the blood glucose concentration with the heart rate data. This AC component is superimposed onto a large DC component, hence the DC component must be removed to measure the AC waveform with the high signal-to-noise ratio. Since the useful AC signal is only a very small portion of the whole signal, an effective amplification circuit is also required to extract desired information from it. Figure 2 Signal conditioning circuit diagram From the figure above, the sensor output is first passed through a RC high-pass filter (HPF) to get rid of the DC component. The cut-off ...

Week 5 - Saturday August 18th, 2018 Near-infrared (NIR) Diffuse Spectroscopy Objective: To study the wavelength that use in diagnose the human skin tissue parameter. Discussion: In near infrared region, human soft tissue and the body fluid have large penetrating ability for the light spectrum because of it transparent characteristics. Some factors such as measurement environment and individual differences are playing some important roles for the light concentration to detect based on the theory and NIR spectroscopy characteristics. From the NIR spectroscopy analysis, the concentration of human blood glucose can be reviewed at a band range 750 ~ 2500nm and human tissue depth at range between 1 ~ 100um. Human body detection parts can be exposed to some of the very low of the near infrared light radiation, and the human tissue will be triggered by the light reflection, transmission and absorption. Figure 1 Schematic of light path in blood The light brightness scattered ...

Week 4 - Friday August 10th, 2018 A New Medical Technology for Medical Diagnostic Purposed Objectives: To study the proposal on developing the non-invasive blood glucose monitoring devices. Discussion: Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system is a new medical technology that been proposed by the previous researcher the relevant idea and the accuracy level better than conventional blood glucose monitoring devices without pricking the fingers. The developing of the blood glucose monitoring devices are focused on the application of IR light transmitted through skin tissue. This project is an optical based sensor technology that used IR LED light with suitable wavelength that passes through the skin tissue and absorbed by the photodiode. Conclusion: This method is used and developed based on the optical sensor like oximetry which can observe the human health parameter. This technique can be applied on various such as finger, palm, arm, forearm, earlobe and tongue. This is ...